A protein derived from the saliva of ticks known as Votucalis could be developed into drug that helps people with itching and chronic pain, says new research.

In new research using mice, it was discovered that the protein – named Votucalis – relieved pain and itching.

Traditional analgesics, such as opioids, can be ineffective, have dangerous side effects, and are addictive. The results from Durham and Newcastle Universities, in partnership with pharmaceutical business Akari Therapeutics Plc, could lead to an alternative.

Votucalis is derived from the saliva of ticks, namely the brown-ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, which secretes the protein into their host while feeding, leaving the host unaware that they have been bitten.

Votucalis is a biologic drug that acts by attaching to high-affinity histamine produced by the body, preventing histamine from activating its four cell surface receptors, resulting in reduced itch or chronic pain responses.

Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, arthritis, diabetes, sciatica, and back injuries are among conditions that cause chronic pain or itching.

Dr. Paul Chazot, the study co-author, said: “Persistent or chronic pain is a huge global health challenge, which affects over 20 per cent of the population.

“It is the single biggest reason that people in the UK visit their doctor and it is recognised as a priority disease by the World Health Organisation.

“Our study is the first to show evidence of the anti-itch and pain relief potential of Votucalis, which is very exciting. We could be on the brink of discovering a viable alternative to opioid and gabapentinoid drugs.”

Votucalis, unlike morphine-based opioids, does not penetrate the brain, making it non-addictive and less likely to cause negative effects, according to the research. Recombinant procedures can be used to produce it in huge quantities.

Dr. Ilona Obara, the study’s co-author, added: “It is amazing that a protein found in the saliva of this tiny creature could prevent chronic pain and itching in people.

“Votucalis has already been tested in humans with other conditions, including conjunctivitis, without major side-effects, so the potential for this to be developed into a drug to tackle chronic pain and itching is definitely there.”

Source: 10.3389/fphar.2022.846683

Image Credit: Getty

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