Almost 20 years later, Afghanistan is back under Taliban rule. The nightmare of the last four tenants of the White House continues.
This is CHRONOLOGY OF TWENTY YEARS OF CONFLICT.
After the attacks of September 11, 2001, in which Al Qaeda terrorists assassinate more than 3,000 people in New York and Washington, the US demands that the Taliban government of Afghanistan hand over Bin Laden.
Given his refusal, President George Bush orders the attack.
October 7. The United States, with the support of the United Kingdom, bombs and launches cruise missiles at Taliban training camps and military installations. Kabul, Kandahar and Herat are attacked.
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November 19: Four foreign journalists – Harry Burton, Maria Grazia Cutuli, Azizullah Haidari and the Spaniard Julio Fuentes – are ambushed and killed.
November 25: The Northern Alliance seizes control of Kunduz, the last Taliban stronghold in northern Afghanistan.
US Marines begin preparing Camp Rhino for the landing of their planes.
December 7. The Taliban leave Kabul. Hamid Karzai takes over as Afghanistan’s interim president. Bin Laden flees to Pakistan after the Battle of Tora Bora.
2002
January 4. The first American soldier in Afghanistan dies.
1st of July. In Uruzgan province, a US AC-130 gunship strikes a wedding reception, killing 48 civilians and wounding 117 others.
July 6. Afghan Vice President Abdul Qadir is assassinated in Kabul.
2003
May. Bush announces the end of major combat operations in Afghanistan.
August 11. NATO officially took command of the peacekeeping in Afghanistan. 42 countries contribute troops to the mission.
2004
January 9. Afghanistan enacts a new Constitution.
October 9. Afghans hold their first free elections. Hamid Karzai is elected president.
2005
In May, Afghans elect a new national parliament and new provincial assemblies.
June 28: Operation Red Wings fails. 19 US special operations soldiers die.
2006
March 29. Battle of Lashkar. Taliban fighters attack a NATO base.
May 15. Operation Mountain Thrust, the biggest offensive since the fall of the Taliban.
2007
February 27. Attack at Bagram Air Base during the visit of US Vice President Dick Cheney.
2008
February 17. One hundred people die in an attack in Kandahar. It was the deadliest suicide attack of the war.
December 19. The United States agrees to send 3,000 more troops to Afghanistan.
2009
April. Barack Obama sends 17,000 more soldiers.
2010
NATO sends reinforcements to fight the Taliban in the south of the country. Afghans hold parliamentary elections and again there are allegations of fraud.
2011
May 1. US Special Forces kill Bin Laden in Pakistan. Obama announces the withdrawal of 10,000 soldiers from Afghanistan by the end of the year and 23,000 in 2012.
– The US and the Taliban hold peace talks.
2012
– Obama confirms the withdrawal of 23,000 soldiers from Afghanistan in the middle of the year, leaving 70,000 troops in the country.
– Washington and Kabul agree to accelerate the withdrawal of troops in 2013, but the Taliban abandon the peace dialogue with the US.
2013
– US forces leave combat operations and go on to train Afghan women. The Taliban resume negotiations with the US, causing Karzai to abandon those he was carrying out with Washington.
2014
May 27. Obama announces the final withdrawal of US troops for 2016. By the end of 2014, only 9,800 troops will remain in the country to advise the Afghan forces and support them in specific operations.
2015 – 2017
– The US forces that remain in the country are dedicated to training the Afghan military forces.
– The Taliban attacks do not stop. The rebels continue to conquer new territories.
2018
January – June. With the Taliban on the offensive across the country, the US drops more bombs in Afghanistan than in any other year of the war and terrorist attacks follow one another. The UN describes this period as “one of the most tragic years, with a record number of civilians killed.”
2019
September. The US and the Taliban begin peace negotiations in Qatar.
2020
February 29. The US and the insurgents sign a peace agreement.
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2021
July 17. The Afghan government and the Taliban resume negotiations in Doha, despite the fighting.
Aug 15: Latest Afghanistan News: Taliban seize presidential palace; reports of firing at Kabul airport. Afghan President Ashraf Ghani leaves the country in the afternoon, as most western nations evacuated their embassies. Several Afghan MPs and government officials arrive in Delhi.