How To Tell If You Have a Heat Stroke or Just Heat Exhaustion – The key differentiators

Heatstroke is a serious condition that commonly occurs due to exposure to hot weather or strenuous exercise. It occurs when the body is unable to cool itself effectively, leading to dangerously high body temperatures.

While anyone can be affected, infants, young children, individuals over the age of 75, and those with underlying health conditions are at a higher risk.

But how can you tell whether you’re having a heatstroke or simply heat exhaustion?

To differentiate between heat exhaustion and heatstroke, British expert Dr. Ann Nainan explains that heat exhaustion is generally a milder condition, but if left untreated, it can progress to heatstroke.

Heat exhaustion is generally a milder condition than heat stroke but, if left untreated, it can progress to heat stroke. It arises when the body becomes overheated and tries to cool down through sweating. As a result, urine becomes more concentrated, leading to increased thirst. In cases of heat exhaustion, it is important to consume additional fluids such as water or isotonic sports drinks.

If the body fails to dissipate the excess heat, the temperature rises to between 38–40°C, which signifies heat stroke. Unlike heat exhaustion, heat stroke is a medical emergency that necessitates immediate treatment. If left untreated, heat stroke can cause organ damage, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver, and can even be fatal. It typically occurs during heatwaves or prolonged periods of hot weather.

Sunstroke is a form of heat stroke that occurs specifically due to excessive exposure to direct sunlight, such as falling asleep in the sun. The symptoms and risks are similar to heat stroke, but sunstroke is triggered by sunlight exposure.

Another distinguishing factor between heat exhaustion and heat stroke is sweating. Individuals with heat exhaustion may sweat excessively, while those with heat stroke may have hot skin without sweating.

If someone exhibits signs of heat stroke, it is crucial to call emergency services (911 in the US) immediately. While waiting for help to arrive, placing the individual in the recovery position is recommended if they lose consciousness.

Certain individuals, such as children, older adults, and those with pre-existing health conditions like diabetes or heart problems, are more susceptible to heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Hence, they should take extra precautions during hot weather to prevent these conditions.

Furthermore, heat stroke has more severe effects on individuals compared to heat exhaustion. If heat exhaustion is promptly treated and does not progress to heat stroke, the affected person should begin feeling better within 30 minutes. Symptoms of heat exhaustion can include dizziness, fatigue, headaches, or vomiting. On the other hand, heat stroke symptoms can be more severe, including seizures, loss of consciousness, or fits.

To avoid heat exhaustion and heat stroke, it is advisable to consume cold drinks, particularly when active or exercising, wear light-colored and loose-fitting clothing, avoid sun exposure between 11am and 3pm, and avoid excessive alcohol consumption.

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