From Red Sea to Mediterranean: The Unstoppable Spread of a New Predator
Researchers from Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands have recently released a comprehensive study shedding light on the invasion of a new predator from the Red Sea in the Mediterranean Sea, underscoring its rapid spread and potential ecological consequences.
This study, published in the open-access journal NeoBiota, reveals that the lionfish species Pterois miles has significantly expanded its presence in the Mediterranean over the past decade since the invasion commenced.
The species has now established itself in the eastern Mediterranean, penetrating even colder waters previously deemed unsuitable for its survival.
The species, originating from the Indo-Pacific region, has not only established itself in the eastern Mediterranean but has also been spotted in colder waters previously considered unsuitable for their survival.
Described as one of the most successful invasive fishes in marine ecosystems, lionfish, including Pterois miles and Pterois volitans, can profoundly impact local fish populations and biodiversity.
The predatory lionfish first spotted off Florida’s Dania Beach in 1985, exhibits a relentless appetite, and will eat nearly any fish that crosses its path. Lionfish are documented to prey on over 50 different species, including vital reef-maintaining parrotfish and commercially important grouper and snapper that are popular in restaurants. Their predatory behavior intensifies significantly beyond their native habitats in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans.
These generalist predators have been observed extensively preying on native fish species, including those of high conservation importance, with their prey often failing to recognize them as a threat due to their unfamiliarity.
Lead author Davide Bottacini remarks, “After years studying these predators, I find it amazing how they can easily adjust to so many different environments and be successful in areas that are so different from the ones where they evolve.”
“It is always impressive to see how such a flamboyant and–to us–conspicuous predator can approach its prey without being noticed,” he adds.
The Mediterranean, being the largest enclosed sea on Earth, hosts a unique and highly biodiverse ecosystem, harboring over 11,000 animal species, many of which are endemic. Genetic analyses suggest that lionfish present in the Mediterranean originated from the Red Sea and likely entered via the Suez Canal.
By conducting a thorough review of existing scientific data, they have identified knowledge gaps regarding lionfish interactions within Mediterranean ecosystems and proposed future research directions to address these challenges.
This information is crucial for biodiversity conservation and will guide policymakers in developing effective mitigation strategies.
The study underscores the significance of citizen science initiatives in monitoring and reporting lionfish sightings, providing essential data to support ongoing research endeavors. Community involvement is vital for enhancing our understanding of invasion dynamics and implementing effective control measures.
Source: 10.3897/neobiota.92.110442
Image Credit: Gettyimages