Type-2 diabetes is a growing concern for public health with an estimated 451 million people worldwide living with the condition. Further, 374 million people are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
From time to time researchers are trying to find measures to contain the disease.
A new study has been conducted to examine associations between intake of fruit types and 1) measures of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and 2) diabetes at follow-up.
Researchers from Edith Cowan University (ECU) have found in a new study that eating at least two servings of fruit daily has been linked with 36 percent lower odds of developing type 2 diabetes.
The new research has revealed that people who ate at least two serves of fruit per day had higher measures of insulin sensitivity than those who ate less than half a serving. In other words, a healthy diet including whole fruits, but not fruit juice, may play a role in mitigating T2DM risk.
The study’s lead author, Dr Nicola Bondonno from ECU’s Institute for Nutrition Research, said the findings offer fresh evidence for the health benefits of fruit.
We found an association between fruit intake and markers of insulin sensitivity, suggesting that people who consumed more fruit had to produce less insulin to lower their blood glucose levels.
This is important because high levels of circulating insulin (hyperinsulinemia) can damage blood vessels and are related not only to diabetes, but also to high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease.
A healthy diet and lifestyle, which includes the consumption of whole fruits, is a great strategy to lower your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Fresh is best
The study examined data from 7,675 Australians participating in the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute’s AusDiab Study and assessed fruit and fruit juice intake and the prevalence of diabetes after five years.
Dr Bondonno said they did not observe the same beneficial relationship for fruit juice.
Higher insulin sensitivity and a lower risk of diabetes were only observed for people who consumed whole fruit, not fruit juice.
This is likely because juice tends to be much higher in sugar and lower in fiber.
Dr Bondonno said that it’s still unclear exactly how fruit contributes to insulin sensitivity, but it is likely to be multifaceted.
As well as being high in vitamins and minerals, fruits are a great source of phytochemicals which may increase insulin sensitivity, and fibre which helps regulate the release of sugar into the blood and also helps people feel fuller for longer.
Furthermore, most fruits typically have a low glycaemic index, which means the fruit’s sugar is digested and absorbed into the body more slowly.
The study builds on Dr Bondonno’s research into the health benefits of fruit and vegetables, particularly those that contain a key nutrient known as flavonoids. The research is part of ECU’s Institute of Nutrition Research.
The study has been published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
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