Experts from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have achieved for the first time in history the long-distance quantum teleportation. This finding could lay the foundation for a viable quantum Internet, where data stored in qubits is shared over long distances through entanglement.
Quantum teleportation is a transfer of quantum states from one site to another. It involves the momentary transportation of units of quantum information, which are called qubits, and they were transferred over a distance of 44 kilometers, which is faster than the speed of light.
Qubit is a quantum analog of the bit. That is, a qubit, like a bit, contains the information of two different states, for example, with values ’0′ or ‘1’.
Quantum teleportation is based on quantum entanglement, by which two particles are connected. The data that is shared with one, is directed simultaneously to the other. This fact assumes that the quantum state of each particle depends on the state of the other, even if they are far away.
Experts from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), NASA and the Fermi National Laboratory (Fermilab) conducted an experiment. To carry out the experiment, they built a linked system between two laboratories that are 44 km apart.
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The technology has not yet reached the point where it can be applied and has been limited to testing of this type for the time being, but many plans are already being made to use it. Thus, the US Department of Energy plans to build a quantum network between its laboratories in all states.
This discovery, which consists of quantum teleportation, lays the foundations for a quantum Internet service, which would be a great advance for computing, since quantum communication systems are faster and more secure than normal networks thanks to the use of photons, which cannot be hacked, rather than computer code.
Scientists from Fermilab and the University of Calgary have already confirmed this finding, which is very important for a future quantum Internet and also opens up new horizons in the quantum issue. The power of a quantum computer running on a quantum Internet could exceed the speed of the world’s smartest supercomputers by 100,000 trillion times.
In August 2019 scientists from Austria and China managed for the first time to teleport three-dimensional quantum states, which could also play an important role in future quantum computers.