How to stay younger and disease free for longer? A possible new strategy to improve immune, bone and muscle health as we age.
Researchers in a new study propose that inhibiting a minuscule RNA molecule, which shows a substantial increase with age and is associated with issues like reduced bone density and muscle sagging, could be a potential approach to promote a more youthful and healthy body.
MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and influencing cellular function. Among them, a specific microRNA known as microRNA-141-3p has been linked to the negative effects of aging, such as elevated levels of chronic inflammation that can be harmful and the decline of muscle mass.
By targeting this particular microRNA, scientists believe it may be possible to counteract the detrimental effects of aging, potentially leading to improved overall health and a more youthful physique.
“When we age in all these complications like chronic inflammation, muscle loss, bone loss, this microRNA is elevated,” points out author Sadanand Fulzele “We wanted to suppress it.”
In the new study, researcher Dr. Fulzele and his team have utilized a specially designed inhibitor to target microRNA-141-3p in aged mice, marking a significant breakthrough in the field. Known as antagomirs, these engineered molecules have the potential to become therapeutic tools for patients in the future, according to Fulzele, who is the corresponding author of the study published in the journal Aging and Disease.
The mice, considered representative of human beings in their 60s, underwent a three-month treatment plan involving subcutaneous injections of the antagomir twice a week, a protocol that can be easily translated to human subjects.
Afterward, the researchers examined various aspects, including blood samples, the spleen responsible for regulating infection-fighting white blood cells, as well as bone and muscle. Astonishingly, they discovered a rejuvenated profile in all these areas, indicating the potential to reverse the effects of aging.
The research team found that the spleen contained a higher proportion of inflammation-reducing immune cells called M2 macrophages compared to their inflammation-promoting counterparts, known as M1 macrophages. They also observed lower levels of inflammation-promoting proteins called cytokines in the blood, as well as an increase in bone microstructure and muscle fiber size.
The team identified microRNA-141-3p as a regulator of the “good” gene AUF1, which plays a role in stabilizing messenger RNA and reducing proinflammatory products. By blocking microRNA-141-3p, the team was able to increase levels of AUF1 and reduce inflammation and cellular senescence.
According to Dr. Fulzele, the level of expression of microRNA-141-3p plays a significant role in various bodily functions, particularly in aging, where its expression is high. New research suggests that reducing the expression of this microRNA could potentially enhance immune, bone, and muscle health in older individuals.
Inflammation and oxidative stress levels serve as important indicators of overall health, regardless of age. However, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are particularly prominent in the aging process, leading to negative changes in the body.
As individuals age, the ability of cells to repair and replace diminishes, resulting in imbalances such as accelerated bone loss compared to new bone formation. Simultaneously, chronic inflammation, although crucial for healing, becomes increasingly destructive at high levels. These factors contribute to problems such as physical frailty and a higher risk of diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and dementia.
Dr. Fulzele’s research focuses on preventive measures to combat damage rather than attempting to restore a healthy state. Future investigations will explore the impact of blocking the microRNA on other age-related concerns, including cognition.
Additionally, a longer-term study involving the use of microRNA-141-3p-specific antagomir will be conducted. Notably, no apparent side effects were observed during the three-month study period.
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